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|
Determinants
|
N
|
Persons at risk (% of category)
|
P value
|
Odds ratios
|
95% CI
|
P value
|
|---|
|
Season
|
|
Summer and Autumn
|
77
|
15 (19.5)
|
0.021*
|
1.0
|
Ref.
| |
|
Winter and Spring
|
47
|
18 (38.3)
|
2.6
|
1.1, 5.8
|
0.023
|
|
Regiona
|
|
Latitude
|
/
|
/
|
/
|
1.1
|
0.9, 1.3
|
0.378
|
|
Longitude
|
/
|
/
|
/
|
0.7
|
0.6, 0.9
|
0.006
|
|
Skin type
|
|
Light
|
109
|
29 (26.6)
|
0.996*
|
1.0
|
Ref.
| |
|
Dark
|
15
|
4 (26.7)
|
1.0
|
0.3, 3.4
|
0.996
|
|
Recent holidays
|
|
Yes
|
5
|
1 (20.0)
|
0.733*
|
1.0
|
Ref.
| |
|
No
|
119
|
32 (26.9)
|
0.7
|
0.2, 13.7
|
0.734
|
|
Smoking
|
|
No
|
113
|
30 (26.5)
|
0.959*
|
1.0
|
Ref.
| |
|
Yes
|
11
|
3 (27.3)
|
1.0
|
0.3, 4.2
|
0.959
|
|
Agea
|
/
|
/
|
/
|
0.9
|
0.9, 1.0
|
0.163
|
|
BMIa
|
/
|
/
|
/
|
1.1
|
1.0, 1.2
|
0.045
|
|
Duration of breastfeeding (month)b
|
/
|
/
|
/
|
1.0
|
1.0, 1.0
|
0.703
|
|
Stage of life
|
|
Breastfeeding women
|
124
|
16 (12.9)
|
0.007*
|
1.0
|
Ref.
| |
|
NPNB women
|
124
|
33 (26.6)
|
2.5
|
1.3, 4.7
|
0.008
|
- 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; Autumn, September – November; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; NPNB, non-pregnant and non- breastfeeding; Ref., reference category with the lowest assumed prevalence of vitamin D deficiency; Spring, March – May; Summer, June – August; Winter, December – February
- *Chi-square test for prevalence differences of 25(OH)D concentrations below 25 nmol/L
-
aOdds ratio for an increase per one unit
-
b
n = 123
