Table 1 Univariable analysis of factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding, TDHS 2015/2016
From: Exclusive breastfeeding patterns in Tanzania: Do individual, household, or community factors matter?
| Characteristic | N (%) | UOR | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exclusive breastfeeding | |||
| No | 407(40.8) | ||
| Yes | 591(59.2) | ||
| Age of the mother | |||
| 15–19 years | 179(17.9) | 0.69* | [0.49,0.97] |
| 20–29 years | 497(49.8) | 1 | Reference |
| 30–39 years | 271(27.2) | 0.73 | [0.73,1.34] |
| 40–49 years | 51(5.1) | 0.75 | [0.42,1.34] |
| Marital status | |||
| Not married | 173(17.3) | 0.95 | [0.68,1.33] |
| Married | 826(82.7) | 1 | Reference |
| Occupation of the mother | |||
| Casual/unskilled | 378(37.9) | 0.73* | [0.55,0.95] |
| Agriculture | 536(53.7) | 1 | Reference |
| Small scale business | 38(3.8) | 0.52† | [0.27,1.01] |
| Skilled/professional | 47(4.7) | 0.99 | [0.53,1.84] |
| Respondent worked past 12 months | |||
| No | 239(23.9) | 0.83 | [0.61,1.14] |
| In the past year | 85(8.5) | 1.94* | [1.17,3.20] |
| Currently working | 480(48.0) | 1 | Reference |
| Have a job but on leave last seven days | 195(19.5) | 2.06*** | [1.43,2.95] |
| Educational years of the mother | |||
| No education | 192(19.2) | 0.85 | [0.61,1.18] |
| 1–7 years | 647(64.8) | 1 | Reference |
| 8–11 years | 136(13.7) | 1.26 | [0.86,1.85] |
| 12+ years | 24(2.4) | 0.51 | [0.22,1.16] |
| Birth order of the child | |||
| 1st born | 276(27.6) | 0.88 | [0.64,1.210] |
| 2nd – 3rd born | 366(36.7) | 1 | Reference |
| 4th – 6th born | 230(23.0) | 1.38† | [0.98,1.94] |
| 7th born and above | 127(12.7) | 0.81 | [0.54,1.21] |
| Season of Birth | |||
| Long rain season | 138(13.8) | 0.70† | [0.48,1.02] |
| Dry Season | 575(57.6) | 1 | Reference |
| Short rain season | 285(28.6) | 3.72*** | [2.66,5.19] |
| Sex of the child | |||
| Male | 519(51.9) | 1 | Reference |
| Female | 480(48.1) | 1.02 | [0.79,1.31] |
| Size of the child at birth | |||
| Very large | 54(5.4) | 0.66 | [0.38,1.16] |
| Larger than average | 161(16.1) | 0.65* | [0.46,0.92] |
| Average | 673(67.4) | 1 | Reference |
| Smaller than average | 70(7.0) | 0.75 | [0.46,1.23] |
| Very small | 34(3.4) | 0.76 | [0.38,1.54] |
| Don’t know | 6(0.6) | 1.49 | [0.27,8.23] |
| The current age of the child | |||
| < 2 months | 560(56.1) | 1 | Reference |
| 2–3 months | 158(15.8) | 0.34*** | [0.23,0.49] |
| 4–5 months | 281(28.1) | 0.11*** | [0.08,0.15] |
| Household wealth index | |||
| Poorest | 265(26.6) | 1 | Reference |
| Poorer | 205(20.6) | 1.19 | [0.82,1.73] |
| Middle | 179(17.9) | 0.99 | [0.68,1.46] |
| Richer | 204(20.5) | 0.97 | [0.67,1.40] |
| Richest | 145(14.5) | 0.92 | [0.61,1.38] |
| Spouse years of education | |||
| No education | 123(12.3) | 0.99 | [0.67,1.48] |
| 1–7 years | 541(54.1) | 1 | Reference |
| 8–11 years | 154(15.4) | 0.79 | [0.55,1.14] |
| 12+ years | 8(0.8) | 2.59 | [0.46,14.58] |
| Missing | 173(17.3) | 0.92 | [0.65,1.30] |
| Spouse age | |||
| 17–21 years | 31(3.1) | 0.92 | [0.44,1.89] |
| 22–41 years | 642(64.3) | 1 | Reference |
| 42–61 years | 140(14.0) | 1.10 | [0.76,1.61] |
| 62+ years | 13(1.3) | 0.57 | [0.19,1.73] |
| Missing | 173(17.3) | 0.96 | [0.86,1.35] |
| Decision making on childcare | |||
| Mother | 244(24.4) | 0.94 | [0.69,1.28] |
| Husband/partner | 140(14.0) | 0.63* | [0.43,0.91] |
| Joint decision | 561(56.1) | 1 | Reference |
| Someone else | 54(5.4) | 0.96 | [0.54,1.70] |
| Household size | |||
| 1–6 people | 489(49.0) | 1 | Reference |
| 7–16 people | 459(45.9) | 1.21 | [0.93,1.57] |
| 17+ people | 51(5.1) | 1.23 | [0.68,2.22] |
| Number of other wives | |||
| No co-wife | 686(68.7) | 1 | Reference |
| One co-wife | 108(10.8) | 0.87 | [0.58,1.31] |
| 2+ co-wives | 32(3.2) | 0.81 | [0.40,1.65] |
| Missing | 173(17.3) | 0.93 | [0.66,1.30] |
| Spouse occupation | |||
| Casual/unskilled | 110(11.1) | 0.80 | [0.53,1.21] |
| Agriculture | 498(49.8) | 1 | Reference |
| Small scale business | 59(6.0) | 1.10 | [0.63,1.91] |
| Skilled/professional | 158(15.9) | 0.85 | [0.59,1.22] |
| Missing | 173(17.3) | 0.90 | [0.63,1.28] |
| Place of delivery | |||
| Home | 339(34.0) | 1.04 | [0.77,1.36] |
| TBA premises | 4(0.4) | 2.12 | [0.23,19.25] |
| Public health facility | 539(54.0) | 1 | Reference |
| Private health facility | 106(10.6) | 1.37 | [0.89,2.11] |
| Other | 10(1.0) | 1.37 | [0.46,5.19] |
| Person performed a p/natal check-up | |||
| Doctor | 26(2.6) | 0.29** | [0.12,0.72] |
| Nurse/Midwife | 254(25.5) | 1 | Reference |
| TBA/CHW | 9(0.9) | 1.34 | [0.35,5.15] |
| Relative/Friend | 21(2.1) | 0.41† | [0.16,1.04] |
| Missing p/natal check-up | 688(68.9) | 1.29† | [0.96,1.73] |
| Distance from a health facility | |||
| Big problem | 450(45.10 | 0.95 | [0.74,1.22] |
| Not a big problem | 548(54.9) | 1 | Reference |
| Source of drinking water | |||
| Unimproved | 470(47.1) | 1.25† | [0.97,1.62] |
| Improved | 529(52.9) | 1 | Reference |
| Type of place of residence | |||
| Urban | 278(27.9) | 0.64** | [0.49,0.85] |
| Rural | 720(72.1) | 1 | Reference |