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Variable
Univariate
Multivariatea
aOR
95% CI
p
aOR
95% CI
p
Contextual and intervention characteristics
Exposure to intervention
Exposed to interventionb
1.00
Not exposed to interventionc
1.44
1.13
1.83
0.003
Number of breastfeeding interventions mothers exposed to
Three or more interventions
1.00
1.00
Two interventions
1.53
0.83,
2.81
0.175
1.47
0.74,
2.89
0.269
One intervention
2.07
1.16,
3.69
0.014
1.81
0.98,
3.35
0.059
No interventions
2.42
1.41,
4.15
0.001
1.87
1.09,
3.22
0.024
Period
Baseline
1.00
1.00
Endline
0.73
0.55,
0.97
0.032
0.89
0.61,
1.28
0.517
Household characteristics
Household wealth index
Poorest
1.00
Poor
0.99
0.70,
1.39
0.948
Middle
1.23
0.86,
1.75
0.257
Rich
1.35
0.93,
1.95
0.118
Richest
0.83
0.52,
1.32
0.426
Mother’s characteristics
Maternal age
≤ 19 years
1.00
20–34 years
0.70
0.41,
1.17
0.172
35+ years
0.67
0.40,
1.14
0.138
Maternal education
University/Academy
1.00
1.00
Completed senior high school
1.69
1.19,
2.39
0.003
1.94
1.29,
2.91
0.002
Completed junior high school
1.94
1.31,
2.86
0.001
2.27
1.42,
3.63
0.001
No school/incomplete primary/completed primary school
1.73
1.12,
2.67
0.014
1.88
1.16,
3.05
0.011
Maternal occupation
Housework
1.00
1.00
Working outside the house
1.38
1.06,
1.81
0.018
1.69
1.23,
2.32
0.001
Number of children still alive
1
1.00
2
0.99
0.77,
1.26
0.904
3
1.02
0.69,
1.52
0.920
4+
1.07
0.55,
2.07
0.847
Previous live birth
None
1.00
Any
1.01
0.82,
1.26
0.906
Antenatal and delivery care
Minimum antenatal care visits d
Completed (4+ visits)
1.00
1.00
Incomplete (< 4 visits)
1.28
0.98,
1.68
0.073
1.23
0.92,
1.65
0.166
Mode of delivery
Normal
1.00
1.00
Caesarean
1.19
0.96,
1.47
0.108
1.34
1.05,
1.70
0.017
Birth attendant
General practitioner/OBGYN
1.00
Midwife/nurse
0.95
0.78,
1.165
0.631
Traditional birth attendant/family/friend
1.29
0.54,
3.082
0.572
Child’s characteristics
Sex of the child
Male
1.00
Female
1.03
0.82,
1.30
0.791
Birthweight from monitoring card
Larger than average
1.00
Average
0.72
0.51,
1.00
0.053
Smaller than average
0.72
0.44,
1.17
0.183
Breastfeeding knowledge & experience
Ever received any breastfeeding advice
Yes
1.00
1.00
No
1.40
1.09,
1.78
0.007
1.40
1.08,
1.82
0.013
Knowledge about breastfeeding
High levele
1.00
1.00
Low levelf
1.58
1.19,
2.10
0.002
1.38
1.03,
1.84
0.029
Problems with breastfeeding
None
1.00
1.00
Not related to illness
3.14
2.34,
4.23
< 0.001
3.27
2.45,
4.36
< 0.001
Related to illness/anatomical condition
1.28
0.91,
1.80
0.158
1.36
0.95,
1.93
0.089
Both types of problems
3.18
1.29,
7.81
0.012
3.57
1.37,
9.33
0.010
Note:a Multivariate logistic regression using the backward elimination method to select significant predictors of low breastfeeding self-efficacy. The variable for the minimum requirement of four antenatal care visits by trimester was selected a priori to be retained in the final model regardless of its significance level. b Exposed to intervention refers to respondents living in the intervention sub-districts at the endline survey c Not exposed to intervention referred to all respondents from the baseline survey and those living in the control sub-districts at the endline survey. d Minimum antenatal care refers to the recommendation of at least four antenatal visits, i.e., once in trimester one to three, and twice in trimester three. e High level of knowledge was mothers whose total knowledge score was greater than, or equal to the median knowledge score value. f Low level of knowledge was mothers whose total knowledge score was less than the median knowledge score value
